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J.P. Sonar:
The American "JP" submarine hydrophone was a simple, highly effective
design. Essentially, a long iron bar with a coil of wire wrapped around
it. The back was covered with a sound attenuating material, so that it
was relatively insensitive to sounds coming from the back. This was
mounted on a shaft, with a hand wheel in the forward torpedo room that
the operator used for training the head.
The "JP" head was mounted on the upper deck of American fleet
submarines. In this position it could pick up the sounds of surface
vessels easily, without interfering sounds from within the submarine's
own hull. Anti-submarine vessels, of course, mounted their hydrophones
below the waterline. When the submarine was surfaced, the "JP" gear was secured.
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Anchor:
The anchor weighs approximately 2,200-pounds and has 105 fathoms of
1-inch die-lock steel chain. The anchor is housed in the hawsepipe in the
superstructure. The anchor chain is self-stowing in the chain locker.
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Bow Tubes:
The Batfish was equipped with six forward
torpedo tubes. The outer doors are gone, and the six tubes are
easily visible.
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Bow Dive Planes:
The bow and stern planes control vertical motion
through the water. These are horizontal rudders, attached in pairs to
either side of the hull, at bow and stern.
Angling these planes up or down causes the boat to rise or sink.
The boat itself is normally kept as close as practical to neutral
buoyancy, which is the point at which it will neither rise nor sink. In practice, the stern planes are normally used to control
the angle of the boat in the water, while the bow planes are used to make
it rise or sink.
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